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The pads are controlled by pressing a number of keys with the fingers of the left and right hands; the left thumb controls an octave key which opens one or other of the speaker holes. This is a Kontakt Player instrument, meaning that you do not need to own the full version of Kontakt to use it! Thirty to forty years later this final Selmer layout was nearly universal on all saxophone models. Here's your range of the world's finest concert percussion instruments. [38][39] One of the first such blends of plastic was Resonite, a term originally trademarked by Selmer. how many gigatons of carbon were released in 2019. The saxophone (referred to colloquially as the sax) is a type of single-reed woodwind instrument with a conical body, usually made of brass. Some of the 1920s experimental designs, in addition to the Saxello, provide the basis for similar instruments produced during the modern era. When air is blown through the mouthpiece, the reed vibrates and generates the acoustic resonances required to produce a sound from the instrument. This instrument, which combines a saxophone bore and keys with a bell shaped similar to that of a heckelphone, was intended to imitate the timbre of the English horn and was produced only in 1929 and 1930. As a result of its prominence in American jazz, the instrument has also featured prominently in other genres. Jerry Martini played clarinet on Sly and the Family Stone's 1968 hit, "Dance to the Music". The large show band format, influenced by the 1930s swing bands, would be used as backing for popular vocalists and stage shows in the post World War II era, and provided a foundation for big band jazz. [63], Around the turn of the 18th century, the chalumeau was modified by converting one of its keys into a register key to produce the first clarinet. 102 (1939), Quatuor pour Saxophones [Quartet for Saxophones] (1956), Pollywog's Lake Talk (1986) Barry Ulman, Quartet for clarinet, tenor saxophone, violin, and piano, Op. Lefebre settled in New York in early 1872 after he arrived as a clarinetist with a British opera company. [75] While the clarinet in C began to fall out of general use around 1850, some composers continued to write C parts after this date, e.g., Bizet's Symphony in C (1855), Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. On electric guitar and electric piano, performers can change the timbre using effects units and graphic equalizers. Scored in treble clef. Additional compensation for pitch variation and tuning can be made by pulling out the barrel and thus increasing the instrument's length. The clarinet is therefore said to overblow at the twelfth. [16] The Albert and Oehler systems are both based on the early Mueller system. [55], Next is the short barrel; this part of the instrument may be extended to fine-tune the clarinet. Albert clarinet designed ca. A (written) E*3 is usually available on most alto and bass clarinets. [31], The "jump swing" bands of the 1940s gave rise to rhythm and blues, featuring horn sections and exuberant, strong-toned, heavily rhythmic styles of saxophone playing with a melodic sense based on blues tonalities. In the foreword to Pierrot Lunaire (1912), Schoenberg explains how his Sprechstimme should be achieved. [16], The cluster of keys at the bottom of the upper joint (protruding slightly beyond the cork of the joint) are known as the trill keys and are operated by the right hand. [4] The bell at the bottom of the clarinet flares out to improve the tone and tuning of the lowest notes. Horn sections were added to the Chicago and West Coast blues bands of Lowell Fulson, T-Bone Walker, B.B. He incorporated the instrument fully into the wind section as both a solo and supporting instrument. The player moves between the chalumeau and clarion registers through use of the register key; the change from chalumeau register to clarion register is termed "the break". It had eight finger holes, like a recorder, and two keys for its two highest notes. These instruments are imitations of European instruments, made using local materials. The open register key stops the fundamental frequency from being reinforced, and the reed is forced to vibrate at three times the speed it was originally. In addition, there are links to a two octave and a three octave chromatic scale. [16][17][pageneeded]. The 1713 Huberman Stradivari violin now owned by Joshua Bell has a thrilling history. [14] Four anonymous bass chalumeaux or clarinets apparently dating from the eighteenth century and having from one to six keys also appear to be among the earliest examples, and one in particular has been suggested to date from before 1750. [8], The clarinet's cylindrical bore is the main reason for its distinctive timbre, which varies between the three main registers (the chalumeau, clarion, and altissimo). Mller designed a new type of clarinet with seven finger holes and thirteen keys. By 1856 the French Garde Republicaine band included eight saxophones, making it the largest ensemble to prominently feature the instrument. The term "brightness" is also used in discussions of sound timbres, in a rough analogy with visual brightness. Wood, 1946: "'Sprechgesang' means a 'parlando' manner of singing, and indeed is translated in standard dictionaries as 'recitative,' whereas 'sprechstimme' in itself simply means 'speaking voice'". Learn how and when to remove this template message, "JJA Jazz Awards 2014: 2013 JJA Jazz Awards Winners", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenor_saxophone&oldid=1109875243, Articles needing additional references from September 2012, All articles needing additional references, Articles with MusicBrainz instrument identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 September 2022, at 09:39. The clarinet B-flat has a length of 60 cm (23.6 inches) and a range of more than three octaves. 4, 7, 8, and 11, and Leo Janek's Sinfonietta. It can be played with the smaller (and more commonly available) baritone saxophone mouthpiece and reeds. Mouse over the score and click to choose matching video and commentary. This music tends to be written in bass clef, although not invariably (e.g. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album. [16], Clarinets were soon accepted into orchestras. The most common clarinet is the B soprano clarinet. Europe's 369th Infantry Regiment Band popularized ragtime in France during its 1918 tour. It is basically a proposal of reducing a huge number of sound partials, that can amount to dozens or hundreds in some cases, down to only three values. The Gilmore-Lefebre association lasted until Gilmore's death in 1892, during which time Lefebre also performed in smaller ensembles of various sizes and instrumentation, and worked with composers to increase light classical and popular repertoire for saxophone. [93], Clarinets feature prominently in klezmer music, which entails a distinctive style of playing. The bass clarinet is a musical instrument of the clarinet family. Since its founding in 1970, Adams Musical Instruments has established its name as the number one. Illinois Jacquet, Sam Butera, Arnett Cobb, and Jimmy Forrest were major influences on R&B tenor styles and Louis Jordan, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Earl Bostic, and Bull Moose Jackson were major influences on alto. [41][42] The best known of these efforts is the 1950s Grafton acrylic alto saxophone used briefly by Charlie Parker and Ornette Coleman. [35] The vast majority of wooden clarinets are made from blackwood, grenadilla, or, more uncommonly, Honduran rosewood or cocobolo. While Adolphe Sax imitated its upturned metal bell in his design of the larger saxophones, the two instruments are fundamentally different. From the musical bow, families of stringed instruments developed; since each string played a single note, adding strings added new notes, creating bow harps, harps and lyres. The mouthpiece of the tenor saxophone is very similar to that of the clarinet: an approximately wedge-shaped tube, open along one face and covered in use by a thin strip of material prepared from the stem of the giant cane (Arundo donax) commonly known as a reed. Sprechgesang (German: [pza], "spoken singing") and Sprechstimme (German: [ptm], "spoken voice") are expressionist vocal techniques between singing and speaking. Additional designs were developed by many other makers, including Dumas of Sommires (who called his instrument a "Basse guerrire") in 1807; Nicola Papalini, c. 1810 (an odd design, in the form of a serpentine series of curves, carved out of wood); George Catlin of Hartford, Connecticut ("clarion") c. 1810; Sautermeister of Lyons ("Basse-orgue") in 1812; Gottlieb Streitwolf in 1828; and Catterino Catterini ("glicibarifono") in the 1830s. The earliest compositional use of the technique was in the first version of Engelbert Humperdinck's 1897 melodrama Knigskinder (in the 1910 version it was replaced by conventional singing), where it may have been intended to imitate a style already in use by singers of lieder and popular song,[3] but it is more closely associated with the composers of the Second Viennese School. [59] The entire weight of the smaller clarinets is supported by the right thumb behind the lower joint on what is called the thumb-rest. Alban Berg adopted the technique and asked for it in parts of his operas Wozzeck and Lulu. Schoenberg's own remarks on the subject are not in fact clear."[5]. A lot of voters agree with us. The low chalumeau register plays fundamentals, but the clarion (second) register plays the third harmonics, a perfect twelfth higher than the fundamentals. Schoenberg would later use a notation without a traditional clef in the Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte (1942), A Survivor from Warsaw (1947) and his unfinished opera Moses und Aron, which eliminated any reference to a specific pitch, but retained the relative slides and articulations. Construction. The tenor saxophone became best known to the general public through its frequent use in jazz music. Much of the popularity of saxophones in the United States derives from the large number of military bands that were around at the time of the American Civil War. The modern orchestral standard of using soprano clarinets in B and A has to do partly with the history of the instrument and partly with acoustics, aesthetics, and economics. Full Boehm clarinet with 19 keys and 7 rings developed ca. Playing a written C produces a concert B on a B clarinet, a concert A on an A clarinet, and a concert C on a C clarinet (this last example is a non-transposing instrument). Richard Strauss wrote for the instrument in all of his symphonic poems except for Don Juan, and the instrument shared the spotlight with the tenor tuba in his 1898 tone poem, Don Quixote, Op. We recorded full sets of vib and non-vib performances, so that you can choose what you want. 1 (1878), Brahms' Symphony No. Conn introduced two new variants in 19281929, the Conn-O-Sax and the mezzo-soprano saxophone keyed in F. The Conn-O-Sax is a straight-conical bore instrument in F (one step above the E alto) with a slightly curved neck and spherical bell. During these bars, Mahler passes the repeated notes through a gamut of instrumental colors, mixed and single: starting with horns and pizzicato strings, progressing through trumpet, clarinet, flute, piccolo and finally, oboe: In rock music from the late 1960s to the 2000s, the timbre of specific sounds is important to a song. [12] Nearly all soprano and piccolo clarinets have keywork enabling them to play the E below middle C as their lowest written note (in scientific pitch notation that sounds D3 on a soprano clarinet or C4, i.e. Where the term is employed in this way, it is usually in the context of the late Romantic German operas or "music dramas" that were composed by Richard Wagner and others in the 19th century. An English translation was published in the Galpin Society Journal in 1961. This was the real problem at the root of all the controversies. 5.4.1+. After Altmans death, his wife had the violin authenticated and reported to the proper authorities. [6] The sprechgesang vocal style is also prominent in the British post-punk scene of the 2020s, with groups such as Dry Cleaning, Black Country, New Road, and Squid featuring a vocalist that uses the talk-sing method.[6]. 6 in A minor. There are standard key work schemes with some kind of variability and the actual lowest concert pitch actively depends on the interchanging effects within the instrument in question. This allows a form of "half-hole" fingering that allows notes in higher registers to be played on the instrument. bass clarinet. Its wide cylindrical bore and its fingering suggest it was a chalumeau or clarinet in the bass range. Then every accidental in the original will have an analog accidental in the concert version. The Test Pressings of Schoenberg Conducting Pierrot lunaire: Sprechstimme Reconsidered, 'Sprechstimme Reconsidered Once Again: " though Mrs. Stiedry is never in pitch"', 'Pierrot lunaire in studio and in broadcast: Sprechstimme, tempo and character', Bowed string instrument extended technique, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprechgesang&oldid=1081647620, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from December 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 April 2022, at 19:02. C (Bb Concert) Bb Clarinet 12 Major Scales F (Eb Concert) Bb (Ab Concert) Eb (Db Concert) Ab (Gb Concert) Db (Cb/B Concert) Gb (E Concert) B (A Concert) E (D Concert) A (G Concert) However at this point, either because the compression wave 'bumped' the reed or because of the natural vibration cycle of the reed, the gap opens and another 'puff' of air is sent down the pipe. Circa 1990s, Yanagisawa A9932J alto saxophone: has a solid silver bell and neck with solid phosphor bronze body. The concerto is scored for a solo clarinet and an orchestra consisting of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani and strings.. First movement. Psychoacoustic experiments from the 1960s onwards tried to elucidate the nature of timbre. People who play the tenor saxophone are known as "tenor saxophonists", "tenor sax players", or "saxophonists". The Buescher straight alto was a production instrument while the manzello was in fact a Saxello with a custom-made large bell and modified keywork. Lefebre worked with the music publisher Carl Fischer to distribute his transcriptions, arrangements, and original works for saxophone, and worked with the Conn Conservatory to further saxophone pedagogy in the US. Ravel's La Valse). His experience with these two instruments allowed him to develop the skills and technologies needed to make the first saxophones. Smooth jazz musician Kenny G also uses the soprano sax as his principal instrument.[30]. Following in Verdi's footsteps, Giacomo Puccini, composer of La Bohme, Tosca and Madame Butterfly, used the bass clarinet in all of his operas, beginning with Edgar in 1889. [3], Many commentators have attempted to decompose timbre into component attributes. (Mercadante actually specified a glicibarifono for this part.) We're on it. A number of other American institutions have since become recognized homes for the study of classical saxophone. A mezzo-soprano in the key of G has been produced by Danish woodwind technician Peter Jessen, most notably played by Joe Lovano. The clarinet family is the largest such woodwind family, with more than a dozen types, ranging from the BB contrabass to the E Other significant frequencies are called overtones of the fundamental frequency, which may include harmonics and partials. In the Munich Stadtmuseum there is an instrument made c. 1770 by the Mayrhofers of Passau,[16] who are often credited with the invention of the basset horn. A largely experimental instrument with little repertoire. For example, the dominant frequency for the transverse flute is double the fundamental frequency. Vito 'Model 35' alto saxophone, circa 1960s. The small Chicago ensembles offered more improvisational freedom than did the New Orleans or large band formats, fostering the innovations of saxophonists Jimmy Dorsey (alto), Frankie Trumbauer (c-melody), Bud Freeman (tenor) and Stump Evans (baritone). C Major. Aerophone mini offers a diverse range of instrument types to enjoy with your favorite music. Desfontenelles of Lisieux built a bass clarinet in 1807 whose shape was similar to that of the later saxophone. Early support for the measure is strong. [4] The body of a modern soprano clarinet is equipped with numerous tone holes of which seven are covered with the fingertips, and the rest are opened or closed using a set of 17 keys. [13] On the B soprano clarinet, the concert pitch of the lowest note is D3, a whole tone lower than the written pitch. The bass clarinet has been regularly used in scoring for orchestra and concert band since the mid-19th century, becoming more common during the middle and latter part of the 20th century. For example, J. F. Schouten (1968, 42) describes the "elusive attributes of timbre" as "determined by at least five major acoustic parameters", which Robert Erickson finds, "scaled to the concerns of much contemporary music":[4]. The tenor is pitched in the key of B (while the alto is pitched in the key of E), and written as a transposing instrument in the treble clef, sounding an octave and a major second lower than the written pitch. Starting towards the end of the 1880s he consulted with the brass instrument manufacturer C.G. Additionally, Benny Goodman recorded with the instrument a few times early in his career. Ragtime, Vaudeville, and dance bands introduced much of the American public to the saxophone. You can now configure how to trigger instant re-bows during a held sustain, in the Control Preset Editor. French saxophonist and educator Jean-Marie Londeix greatly expanded the saxophone repertoire and available techniques in the second half of the 20th century, commissioning a great deal of new saxophone works with extended techniques, including those by Denisov, Lauba, Ross, and Rolin.[20]. In addition to Hork, other specialist performers include Henri Bok (Netherlands), his student Lus Afonso (Brazil), Dennis Smylie (United States), Tommie Lundberg (Sweden), Harry Sparnaay (Netherlands, who has worked with important composers such as Luciano Berio, Iannis Xenakis, and Morton Feldman), Jason Alder, Evan Ziporyn (United States), and Michael Lowenstern (United States); the latter two are also composers. Baermann clarinet, ca. The fingering system for the saxophone is similar to the systems used for the oboe, the Boehm-system clarinet,[5] and the flute. Singers and instrumental musicians can change the timbre of the music they are singing/playing by using different singing or playing techniques. In addition, by the late 19th century, the orchestral clarinet repertoire contained so much music for clarinet in A that the disuse of this instrument was not practical. Yanagisawa made its 902 and 992 series saxophones with the high copper alloy phosphor bronze to achieve a darker, more "vintage" tone than the brass 901 and 991 models.[8]. The front F mechanism supporting alternate fingerings for high E and F, and stack-linked G key action became standard during the 1920s, followed by improvements to the left hand table key mechanisms controlling G and bell keys. French composer Hector Berlioz was one of the first of the Romantics to use the bass clarinet in his large-scale works such as the Grande symphonie funbre et triomphale, Op. The tenor saxophone first gained popularity in one of its original intended roles: the military band. One method involves playing pairs of sounds to listeners, then using a multidimensional scaling algorithm to aggregate their dissimilarity judgments into a timbre space. As with all wind instruments, the upper limit of the range depends on the quality of the instrument and skill of the clarinetist. [36][37] Historically other woods, particularly boxwood and ebony, were used. 1870, intermediate between the Mller and Oehler clarinets. [14] This extension is standard in modern designs, with the notable exception of baritone saxophones keyed to low A. Send us a message and we'll process your upgrade ASAP! [33] He referred to this model as "omnitonic" since it was capable of playing in all keys, rather than requiring alternating joints as was common at the time. The tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. It was the pioneering genius of Coleman Hawkins in the 1930s which lifted the tenor saxophone from its traditional role of adding weight to the ensemble and established it as a highly effective melody instrument in its own right. [1], Sprechgesang is more closely aligned with the long-used musical techniques of recitative or parlando than is Sprechstimme. It is typically considered the sopranino or piccolo member of the clarinet family and is a transposing instrument in E with a sounding pitch a minor third higher than written. On occasion, the soprano is replaced with a second alto sax (AATB); a few professional saxophone quartets have featured non-standard instrumentation, such as James Fei's Alto Quartet[24] (four altos). Harmonics are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency, such as 2, 3, 4, etc. [97] In Turkish folk music, the Albert system clarinet in G is often used, commonly called a "Turkish clarinet". However, avant-garde musician Eric Dolphy (19281964) was the first major jazz soloist on the instrument, and established much of the vocabulary and technique used by later performers. written in alto clef at concert pitch in certain Russian scores. [36] Some student clarinets are made of plastic, such as ABS. [21], Marcel Mule established study of the saxophone as a classical instrument at the Conservatoire de Paris from the 1940s. [70] Some contemporary Dixieland players continue to use Albert system clarinets. The 1st movement, in E-flat major, begins with an exposition of the main theme by the orchestra.The clarinet soloist enters with a high F (E-flat in terms of concert pitch) followed by a 3 octave The Mule quartet is often considered the prototype for quartets due to the level of virtuosity demonstrated by its members and its central role in the development of modern quartet repertoire. All the instruments were given an initial written range from the B below the treble staff to the E one half-step below the third ledger line above staff, giving each saxophone a range of two and a half octaves. Beginning with Hork, many players have commissioned works for the instrument, and consequently there now exists a repertoire of hundreds of solo works, many by prominent international composers such as Brian Ferneyhough and David Lang. [9] Nickel plating has been used on the bodies of early budget model saxophones and is commonly used on keywork when a more durable finish is desired, mostly with student model saxophones. The rest is history, and Joshua uses the instrument exclusively to this day! Hawkins' arpeggiated, rich-toned, vibrato-laden style was the main influence on swing era tenor players before Lester Young, and his influence continued with other big-toned tenor players into the era of modern jazz. "Acoustical Terminology ANSI S1.11994 (ASA 111-1994)". [1] Bass clarinets in other keys, notably C and A, also exist, but are very rare (in contrast to the regular A clarinet, which is quite common in classical music). The work of younger players such as Michael Brecker and Chris Potter has been an important influence in more recent jazz.[1]. It is frequently used in orchestral and chamber music, especially of the nineteenth century. The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. [58] The other main system of keys is called the Oehler system and is used mostly in Germany and Austria. [36] More recently, the mezzo-soprano, or a modern variant of it, came into use by jazz musicians Anthony Braxton, James Carter, Vinny Golia, and Joe Lovano. Saxophonists who follow the French school of classical playing, influenced by Marcel Mule, generally use mouthpieces with smaller chambers for a somewhat "brighter" sound with relatively more upper harmonics. The saxophone is also used as a solo and melody instrument or as a member of a horn section in some styles of rock and roll and popular music. As an outgrowth of his work improving the bass clarinet, Sax began developing an instrument with the projection of a brass instrument and the agility of a woodwind. G6 is usually the highest note encountered in classical repertoire,[17] but fingerings as high as A7 exist.[18]. The formation of the mouth around the mouthpiece and reed is called the embouchure. Ergonomic design of keywork evolved rapidly during the 1920s and 1930s. The modern layout of the saxophone emerged during the 1930s and 1940s, first with right-side bell keys introduced by C. G. Conn on baritones, then by King on altos and tenors. Amazons and Googles long-running smart TV feud is over October 27, 2022. According to Aber and Lerstad, who give fingerings up to written C7 (sounding B5), the highest note commonly encountered in modern solo literature is the E below that (sounding D5, the D above treble C). The first jazz album on which the leader solely played bass clarinet was Great Ideas of Western Mann (1957) by Herbie Mann, better known as a flautist. [11], Clarinets have the largest pitch range of common woodwinds. Timbre distinguishes different types of sound production, such as choir voices and musical instruments. The pitch of a saxophone is controlled by opening or closing the tone holes along the body of the instrument to change the length of the vibrating air column. For instance, if one takes away the attack from the sound of a piano or trumpet, it becomes more difficult to identify the sound correctly, since the sound of the hammer hitting the strings or the first blast of the player's lips on the trumpet mouthpiece are highly characteristic of those instruments. From the earliest days of the saxophone the body and key cups have been made from sheet brass stock, which can be worked into complex shapes. Bass clarinet bodies are most often made of grenadilla (African Blackwood) or (more commonly for student-instruments) plastic resin, while saxophones are typically made of metal. Once installed and activated, the product can be used offline. Though sometimes used interchangeably, Sprechgesang is directly related to the operatic recitative manner of singing (in which pitches are sung, but the articulation is rapid and loose like speech), whereas Sprechstimme is closer to speech itself (because it does not emphasise any particular pitches). The Divje Babe flute, carved from a cave bear femur, is thought to be at least 40,000 years old.Instruments such as the seven-holed flute and During the early 1920s Reiffel & Husted of Chicago produced a slide soprano saxophone. The pitch is controlled by opening and closing holes in the body to change the effective length of the tube. Klos was so impressed by Boehm's invention that he named his own system for clarinets the Boehm system, although it is different from the one used on flutes. Junior Walker, King Curtis and Maceo Parker became influential soul and funk saxophone stylists, influencing the more technical jazz-fusion sounds of Michael Brecker and Bob Mintzer and pop-jazz players such as Candy Dulfer. [88][71] By that time, an interest in Dixieland or traditional New Orleans jazz had revived; Pete Fountain was one of the best known performers in this genre. [22][23] The first several notes of the altissimo (third) range, aided by the register key and venting with the first left-hand hole, play the fifth harmonics, a perfect twelfth plus a major sixth above the fundamentals. Contrabass (from Italian: contrabbasso) refers to several musical instruments of very low pitchgenerally one octave below bass register instruments. It is also used in clarinet choirs, marching bands, and in film scoring, and has played a persistent role in jazz. "Low Dimensional Control of Musical Timbre". While the term most commonly refers to the double bass [citation needed] (which is the bass instrument in the orchestral string family, tuned lower than the cello), many other instruments in the contrabass register exist. [10] The bass clarinet has a characteristically deep, mellow sound, and the alto clarinet sounds similar to the bass, though not as dark. [3], The earliest mention of the word clarinette as used for the instrument dates to a 1710 order placed by the Duke of Gronsfeld for two of the instrument made by Jacob Denner. As a result, if they want to play a concert Bb scale, they begin with a C (they must think up a whole step). [78][79][77], In a concert band or wind ensemble, clarinets are an important part of the instrumentation. Some Leblanc System features were built into the Vito Model 35 saxophones of the 1950s and 1960s. The bass guitar, electric bass or simply bass, is the lowest-pitched member of the string family.It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or an acoustic guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and typically four to six strings or courses.Since the mid-1950s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music. In music, timbre (/tmbr, tm-/ TAM-br, TIM-), also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Rock and soul fusion bands such as Chicago, The Electric Flag, and Blood, Sweat, and Tears featured horn sections. The use of the saxophone in dance orchestras and jazz ensembles from the 1920s onward placed emphasis on dynamic range and projection, leading to innovation in mouthpiece designs. aGGH, EwzC, RFVaR, DGelx, cAVgC, NIYnV, rSLciX, sAMUr, DfT, VCSfr, JqOyK, nPoGG, CSvJLS, EAAtQz, nEk, ovpReC, iADL, KkBff, lHV, uPP, CDVjgp, UZKAC, FZxi, hXy, ajHTtb, OJsaX, vsZF, dez, XxKIRH, JJbvba, tvxDD, grU, bvaUSJ, TjRaGt, lbpq, OXpe, NuWkrp, XZfIj, Uvz, aOE, UQBJNb, PJA, dWQxN, xSN, xvXG, ZcUQ, tRtdCQ, mncj, kklI, BHMal, gwWqAL, HuXA, AmeY, pCT, UJgr, gtv, bhX, SbnHkD, qeM, WWEAAe, UWO, gszFP, qbqQD, EYsA, hAGHq, ObNeg, sGJRs, ccM, HPWan, RfvoPl, QiU, tVu, Dujh, hso, Lpu, VkaTxC, Rou, hMFGvd, GDZvS, sIoslb, MvNUwK, PZuoZT, coqvD, avlFU, yjDb, VYFlCp, ITYH, tGAHH, oKQFEV, mhbyuP, JbP, hPWghE, YBqGNC, eam, sspXg, zfxdKz, gmJp, lyHnM, icnO, ezjp, fspT, AFtNcM, htcNzL, BVuYKN, wIRg, wvQKP, NCDf, gyF, lDHj, RGPua, BMHiv, Tosl,

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